The NLRP3 inflammasome consists of the effector protein pro-caspase-1, the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and the sensor protein NLRP3 and orchestrates innate immune responses against cell stress and infection by regulating the caspase-1-dependent pathway and releasing proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 [20]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infection.