GFAP and Alzheimer disease: Moreover, the administration of curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (CurLNC) at a 20-fold dose in an animal model of AD significantly improved cognitive impairment induced by i.c.v. Ab injection by a significant decrease in GFAP levels and an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, Akt phosphorylation levels, and GSK-3b phosphorylation/inactivation.