GPER1 and breast carcinoma: In addition, a mechanistic study revealed that E2-mediated GPER activation upregulated HOTAIR (lncRNAs highly expressed in primary breast tumors) gene expression in the TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and BT549) as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cancer tissues from breast cancer patients through the suppression of miR-148a [111].