INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Numerous research findings demonstrate that these natural bioactive compounds can prevent and treat diabetes and obesity by focusing on multiple targets, such as inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, targeting activities to improve insulin resistance, insulin secretion, etc. Seaweeds are a potential source of novel compounds exhibiting various bioactivities that could be used in the quest for effective anti-diabetic treatments.