TNF and diabetes mellitus: Thus, the early prevention of LTB reactivation, especially for people with increased risk of the transition from LTB to active disease, e.g., those with HIV/AIDS and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, steroid treatment, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), as well as persons with chronic systemic diseases such as terminal stage renal disease, rheumatic disorders, or diabetes mellitus, is one of the top priorities in science today [25].