These developments highlight that abnormal expressions of several urine and serum specimens, including oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant capacity) [51]; growth factor; methylhistamine; glycoprotein; and chemokine and cytokines, may all be useful as biomarkers for the purposes of IC/BPS diagnosis, as reviewed here [52]. The gene discussed is ART4; the disease is Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.