IGF1R and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: In the search for other targetable oncogenes in OSA, several studies have also focused on the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R), since IGF-1R has been found to be overexpressed in both human and canine OSA, as well as being correlated with a malignant phenotype [144].