BMI1 and Alpha-thalassemia: On the other hand, upregulation of DNA repair genes, notably B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1), alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATXR) and ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase (ATM) in response to the treatment, demonstrated in several studies [86,87], probably reflects the mechanism of radioresistance formation.