In addition, the protein levels of TGF-β and the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12 were significantly upregulated in the o-PF group compared with the o-Sham group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) or o-PF group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is pemphigus foliaceus.