REN and heart failure: Regarding the therapeutic management of hospitalized patients, compared to their ambulatory counterparts, the use of loop-diuretics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists was significantly more prevalent among patients with acute HF (p < 0.05), while beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system were more commonly administered in control patients, as part of the standard, guideline-recommended therapy in stable heart failure.