Most of them were concentrated in the MUC19 and MUC3A genes, suggesting them as potential hot spot regions in the genome, 55 mutations were unique to Amerindians with ALL—acting as possible biomarkers for ALL’s risk—and four variants were more frequent in the healthy Amerindian population-behaving as possible protective factors for the disease. Here, MUC3A is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.