Interestingly, the most common inherited cause of stroke and vascular dementia in adults are represented by a genetic mutation NOTCH3 gene; particularly, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) symbolizes the genetic mutation in the neurogenic locus of NOTCH3 gene [72,73]. The gene discussed is NOTCH3; the disease is vascular dementia.