Other authors analysed piRNAs from serum samples from healthy donors, IPMN, and PDAC by NGS and obtained an upregulated piRNA profile in tumour samples compared to healthy ones containing piR-52959, piR-53108, piR-30690, piR-54479, and piR-56621, and a piRNA profile downregulated in tumour samples from patients that contained piR-54888, piR-42185, piR-46410, piR-58897, and piR-43043 [42]. This evidence concerns the gene PIR and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.