Limited data regarding EMMPRIN and history of arrhythmias or palpitations reported that in a small sample of patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA who subsequently had subclinical atrial fibrillation, growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) correlated with premature atrial contractions and subclinical atrial fibrillation but not EMMPRIN [36]. The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is Palpitations.