However, the IRS 954 nanoflower, the TLR7 and TLR9 dual antagonist, did not have additive or opposing effects on lupus nephritis but only showed a decrease in serum IFNα, suggesting that TLR7 and TLR9 antagonists may have a competition mechanism or signal-dependent switching relationship under simultaneous action. Here, TLR9 is linked to lupus nephritis.