In CD4+ T cells cultured in the presence of monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) from patients with PAH, reduced expression of IL-4 (Th 2 response) and higher levels of IL-17 (Th17 response) and increased activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells were observed, as compared with CD4+ T cells cultured with MoDCs from control patients [22]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.