CD34 and Cowden syndrome 1: The GSEA method focuses on gene sets, described as groups of genes that participate in a common biological function, chromosomal location or regulation, etc. Therefore, to more precisely investigate the biological influence of endogenous GCs on CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, we carried out GSEA to identify altered pathways in peripheral blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from CS patients vs. control cells.