When ldlr−/−.Leiden mice are fed an HFD containing 45% kcal fat from lard and 35% kcal from carbohydrates (primarily sucrose) or a fast food diet (FFD) containing 41% kcal fat from milk fat and 44% kcal from carbohydrates (primarily fructose), they develop obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased ALT and AST levels, progressive macro- and microvesicular steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, along with atherosclerosis [72]. This evidence concerns the gene GPT and hyperinsulinism.