One study [18] of 38 women found that late pregnancy hPL was strongly positively correlated to placental weight in T1DM (r = 0.8, p < 0.01), GDM (r = 0.6, p < 0.05), and controls (r = 0.6, p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.