LGALS1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: McCarrick et al. [46] found that obese women were over-represented in a group of women with low hPL but normal estrogen levels, suggesting that obesity may impact on hPL regulation and activity (although many of these women had other pregnancy complications which may have explained their low hPL levels, such as toxaemia or intra-uterine growth restriction).