Among these mRNAs (Figure 3A) and lncRNAs (Figure 3B), all lncRNA-mRNA pairs (JPX-RABEP1, JPX-IREB2, MALAT1-CHUK, MALAT1-TANK, MALAT1-ECD and MALAT1-TBK1) included in the ceRNA network were significantly upregulated in PAH. The gene discussed is ECD; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.