The interworking between MSCs and MM cells upregulates the transcription and IL-6 synthesis in MSCs [60]; in turn, IL-6 triggers the proliferation of MM cells following a paracrine loop which is stimulated by the clearance of other molecules and chemokines, including CD40, tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-a, Vegf, IL-1β and transforming growth factor (Tgf)-β. Here, VEGFA is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.