TGFB1 and asthma: In the context of airway remodeling, a feature of asthma, activated 1, 25 (OH)2D can suppress fibroblast proliferation and expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines (TNF-α, TGF-β) from smooth muscle cells including inhibit matrix metalloproteinases which are involved in the digestion of the extracellular matrix [48].