In the same context, Schrager et al. [88], and Akhmedov and Berdeaux [89], reported that improvements in lean body mass promoted a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, implicated as an important factor in obesity-associated insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes [90]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.