CSMD1 and neoplasm: Following that, it showed that several immune-related signalling pathways were upregulated in the CSMD1-mut samples; that there was a higher proportion of anti-tumour immune cells, such as CD4+ Th1 cells, NK cells, M1 macrophage cells, and PDC; a lower proportion of tumour-promoting immune cells, such as Treg cells, M2 macrophage cells, and endothelial cells; and that PD-L1 was upregulated [73].