For example, tRFs are involved in isoprenaline myocardial hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats, perhaps specifically because tRF-5 binds to the 3′ UTR of the hypertrophy regulator TIMP3 mRNA and inhibits its expression, which leads to hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes [35]. This evidence concerns the gene TIMP3 and cardiac hypertrophy.