AKT1 and colorectal carcinoma: Several studies have previously demonstrated that several molecular pathways are expressed differently in the left and right CRC; for example, the components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling axis are overexpressed in the left-sided CRC [48], mutations in TP53 are 1.5–3 fold more frequent in distal tumors, and microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype is up to 10 times more frequent in proximal tumors [49].