Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease, with autosomal dominant transmission, related to pathogenic variant of the tumor suppressor gene <i>NF1</i> (17q11.2), predisposing affected subjects to a variety of benign (neurofibromas and plexiform neurofibromas) and malignant tumors. The gene discussed is NF1; the disease is cancer.