ECM1 and autoimmune disease: Thereafter, antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) utilizing a highly antigenic portion of the recombinant ECM1 protein (359–559 amino acids) optimized the immunoreactivity of serum anti-ECM1 antibodies in 74–80% of female patients with genital LS, with 94% specificity in discriminating LS from other autoimmune diseases and healthy controls [30].