Another pilot study conducted in Italy involving patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with Nivolumab (anti-programmed death 1 (PD1) monoclonal antibodies), revealed that those with high serum PCSK9 levels (>94 ng/mL) at the second cycle of nivolumab therapy had reduced overall survival (OS). Here, PCSK9 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.