TNF and allergic disease: MN and HK have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) production; inhibit the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), a redox-sensitive transcription factor; provide antioxidant effects through the inhibition of ROS; and can reduce allergy symptoms by inhibiting histamine release [26].