KEAP1 and cancer: Constitutive Nrf2 hyperactivation is common in cancer [172], and numerous studies have revealed aberrant Nrf2 expression and poor prognosis in a wide range of cancers, including, among others, lung, esophageal, breast, bladder, liver, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas [161,162,169,170,171,173,174], most of which have been attributed to loss-of-function mutations in the KEAP1 gene and/or gain-of-function mutations in the NFE2L2 gene encoding Nrf2 [162,163,164,166,167].