TREM1 and injury: Recently, the extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), which is the endogenous ligand of TREM-1, was found to induce acute lung injury during sepsis and has been shown to induce inflammation in alveolar cells through induction of TREM-1 and activation of cytokine production in macrophages [29], further highlighting the protein’s role in stimulating the immune response.