CASP3 and Nephropathy: Exposure to 5-FU causes a severe increase in the cytoplasmic caspase-3 expression and 8-OHdG; however, pretreatment with hesperidin reduces and controls the increase in the expression of caspase-3 in the renal tubular epithelium, suggesting an anti-apoptotic potential of hesperidin in attenuating 5-FU-induced kidney damage [117].