PI3 and colitis: It was shown in a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model that overexpression of elafin led to restoration of proteolytic balance; downregulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and NFκΒ; and inhibition of TNF-α–induced increased permeability [32].