Previous studies have shown that, in a large series of malignant neoplasms, ATM somatic mutations are associated with tumor control following radiotherapy [12] and that the overexpression of MRN complex proteins in LARC treated with nCRT correlates with poor response and prognosis [13]; moreover, the mechanism of radioresistance through ATM pathway in LARC has been poorly explored [14,15,16,17,18]. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and cancer.