PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: As reviewed by Han et al. [9], the silencing of cell-intrinsic PD-1 results in higher proliferation of the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines NCI-H1299 and Calu-1 as well as increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) (p-AKT) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) (p-ERK).