As shown in Figure 9, serum TIMP-1 showed significantly decreased activity in early PBC (508.9 ± 123.88 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) but not in late PBC (855.29 ± 214.92 ng/mL) compared to normals (1023.79 ± 180.81 ng/mL). The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.