Tolerogenic iron oxide NPs surface engineered with the proinsulin auto-antigen and 2-(1′H-indole-3′-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) can be used for the early diagnosis of T1DM when employed with magnetic resonance imaging combined with magnetic quantification [57]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.