False discovery rates of the significance for each of the enhanced pathways are: 0.0015 for PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, 0.0029 for cancer immunotherapy by CTLA4 blockade, 0.0053 for cancer immunotherapy by PD-1 blockade, and 0.0081 for PD-1 signaling. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.