Notably, the stimulation of tonsillar mononuclear cells with CpG-ODN increased the levels of BAFF and interferon-γ production by these cells in patients with IgAN, and tonsil cell BAFF expression was also elevated in patients with IgAN as compared that in patients with chronic tonsillitis [85]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13B and Recurrent tonsillitis.