Therefore, in NAFLD, class 3 semaphorins might have a dual role; inhibition of SEMA3A might promote adipogenesis, insulin resistance, liver neutrophil migration and macrophage- and T-cell-driven inflammation, while increased SEMA3C promotes extracellular matrix composition through TGF-β activation of HSC. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.