The efficacy of ICB was then evaluated in the first-line setting, with co-administration of 3 mg/kg nivolumab and 1 mg/kg ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) for four doses, followed by nivolumab monotherapy, compared to sunitinib (50 mg daily; 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off) for treatment-naïve RCC in the phase III randomised, controlled CheckMate-214 trial [19] (Table 1). Here, CTLA4 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.