TNF and colonic neoplasm: Similarly, BRD4 inhibition led to expression of proinflammatory genes such as Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 2 & 3 (BIRC2 and BIRC3), which in turn led to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production triggering apoptosis in preclinical colon cancer models, boosting anti-tumour immunity [137].