Furthermore, previous studies have stated that the upregulation or downregulation of ST3GAL3 and ST3GAL4, and the subsequent increase or decrease of sLex expression levels, respectively, results in increased or decreased migration and invasive phenotype, respectively, of either PDA cells [13,14,30] or other cancer models such as gastric or breast cancer [25,26]. The gene discussed is ST3GAL4; the disease is Patent ductus arteriosus.