Less than 15 years have elapsed from the first identification of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion oncogene in a patient with NSCLC [1,2] to the remarkable improvement in clinical outcomes achieved by patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC with the first-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK–TKI) crizotinib [3,4,5]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.