Generally, thyroid, prostate, and female breast cancers were considered to be subject to potential overdiagnosis in Japan, sharing the common factors of (1) wide adoption of minimally invasive tests (e.g., ultrasonography for thyroid, PSA for prostate, mammography for breast), and (2) a rapid increase in incidence without a corresponding change in mortality [50,51,52]. Here, KLK3 is linked to breast carcinoma.