Briefly, an HOXB13/HOXA11-AS axis regulates BM-related integrin and CCL2/CCR2 cytokine signaling in PCa cells, while paracrine action of exosomal HOXA11-AS secreted from PCa cells is able to modulate CCL2/CCR2 cytokine signaling in osteoblasts within the bone marrow milieu [136]. Here, HOXA11 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.