Figure 3 shows that castration reduced intratumoral perfusion (Figure 3A,B). However, castration did not reduce intratumoral perfusion in sTNFR2-Fc-pretreated host mice (Figure 3C,D). Tumors in sTNFR2-Fc-pretreated host mice were highly perfused, and this was also not changed by castration (Figure 3E). Castration-induced reduction of individual tumor perfusion was dependent on TNF signaling (blue versus red bars in Figure 3F, mean changes for all tumors shown in Figure 3G). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.