VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma: Nivolumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the PD-1 protein and is approved as a single agent in refractory metastatic RCC following previous VEGF-targeted therapy based on results from the phase III CheckMate-025 trial, which showed an improvement in OS for nivolumab compared to everolimus (25 vs. 19.6 months, (HR, 0.73 (98.5% CI 0.57–0.93, p = 0.0018))).