TLR3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: While most TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9, play dual roles in carcinogenesis, TLR1 and TLR3 are largely tumor-suppressive, as demonstrated by induced apoptosis by TLR3 in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells [56].